Pattern of heart disease in children attending Dessie referral hospital, Ethiopia, a facility cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Background

Congenital heart disease (CHD) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) represent a significant health burden in developing countries, contributing substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Both conditions are closely linked to socio-economic factors and are largely preventable.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the magnitude and pattern of heart disease among children at Dessie Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, from October 2022 to March 2023.

Methods

A retrospective, institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Dessie Referral Hospital. Data were collected from patient charts using a simple random sampling method. The data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics applied for analysis.

Results

Over the six-month study period, 275 cases of cardiac disease were identified out of 6,018 total cases, yielding an incidence rate of 4.5%. Rheumatic heart disease accounted for 153 cases (55.6%), with the most common presentations being mitral valve regurgitation (57.2%, n=95), tricuspid regurgitation (49.4%), mitral stenosis (32.5%), and aortic regurgitation (AR). Congenital heart disease was diagnosed in 112 cases (40.7%), with ventricular septal defect (47.5%) being the most frequent, followed by atrial septal defect (15.1%), atrioventricular septal defect (11.5%), and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (8%).

Conclusion

Cardiac diseases remain a significant health concern, with an incidence rate of 4.5% over six months. Rheumatic heart disease accounted for the majority (55.6%) of cases, while congenital heart disease comprised 40.7%, with ventricular septal defect being the most common presentation.

Recommendation

These findings highlight the urgent need for improved prevention, early detection, and management strategies, particularly for RHD and CHD, to reduce their burden and associated complications.